View Product Details. Essentially, biodegradable materials break down naturally, at the mercy of the weather, time, oxygen, heat, and microorganisms. If you’ve flushed a paper towel down the toilet, the best way to unclog it is to use a plunger. When a vape is flushed down the toilet, its components, including the battery, coil, cartridge, and e-liquid residue, enter the plumbing system. Finally, carefully lift the toilet off the floor and dispose of it according to local regulations. Call the health-care provider to ask if a new specimen 1. […]In ‘Why Him’, the toilet mishap takes an unexpected turn, creating a cringe-worthy and hilarious moment. They may accidentally touch or swallow detergents, bleach or cleaning products. These paper products aren’t made to break up the way toilet paper is, so they can end up clogging pipes or the sewer system. Shitty luck. If anyone has flushed one paper towel and everything was okay can you please share that?Ensure to be calm and composed. Instead, throw them away in the trash. Yes, that is all! The Aspirin tablet is going to be put into the water. It'southward not uncommon for people to flush a Kleenex every once in a while. Although we think paper towels will break down in the water as quickly as toilet paper, the truth is that paper towels are not designed that way and can. Swabbing a pierced nose. Cigarette butts: Cigarette butts belong in the trash, not the toilet. 1. Shelley Beran. Fishing it out. The lint collector should pick up the biggest pieces. Additionally, toilet paper needs to break down easily when flushed so that it doesn’t clog pipes or cause other. Let it sit for a few hours or overnight. Signs that a flushed tampon has clogged the toilet are: Water backing up or pouring from your toilet. By following these simple steps, you can prevent clogs and damage to your plumbing system. The EPA suggests that the most environmentally friendly way of disposing of dog poop is to flush it. The Jumanji -like situation the family finds themselves in makes for excellent comedy, and the writers. If the object is easy to see and grasp, gently remove it with tweezers. Cough two to three times, but ensure the coughs are short. It was like one of those bigger hair clips that is the size of my palm. it makes it easy to sell grinder pumps. The only thing you can successfully flush is the grow medium. In ‘Why Him’, the toilet mishap takes an unexpected turn, creating a cringe-worthy and hilarious moment. @Bri369 @gardenman Regarding the lease, I'm guessing the clause is there to help prevent things from falling into the toilet and clogging up the plumbing. You may also cut a soap bar into smaller chunks and throw it in the toilet bowl. You will only need one Aspirin tablet to accomplish this quickly. 1. 5 (2967) 4. Cut off the water supply to the toilet by turning the small valve on the wall behind the toilet. By making conscious and environmentally friendly. Kleenex is generally considered safe to flush down the toilet and not likely to clog a septic tank. Plunge the plumber snake into the toilet bowl through the toilet drain and keep inserting it till you feel resistance. Because these paper products aren’t designed to break up like toilet paper, they can clog pipes or the sewer system. Step 4. "Kleenex® Tissue is made with biodegradable cellulose fibers. We’ve all been there – that sinking feeling when something important gets flushed down the toilet. Toss the cigarette butts in the trash. It is so extremely cold that it will end up freezing running water instead of it melting. I scrubbed my kid's toilet last weekend and had trash bag next to toilet. While I'm glad the toilet is back to. Accidentally flushing something down the toilet. But we all know that people are tempted to accept the easy way fifty-fifty if this means breaking a dominion. 1. Ward. Additionally, toilet paper needs to break down easily when flushed so that it doesn’t clog pipes or cause other plumbing issues. Jan 5, 2021 2 min read Is It Bad to Flush Facial Tissue Down the Toilet? When you have facial tissue you need to get rid of, is flushing it safe? You might not think it’s a big deal. Quick Answer No, you should not flush Kleenex down the toilet. It takes time for Kleenex to dissolve. Even flushing tissues, like Kleenex and other tissue paper is a no-no. If that happens it's in the trap. look into a mirror. Bottom Line. Baking soda and vinegar: Mix about one cup of baking soda with one cup of vinegar and pour it into the toilet bowl. What Happens If You Accidentally Flush Something Down The Toilet. As soon as I did I think I said "shit, I don. place something soft, such as a towel or pillow, on a surface in front of them, so. Unlike toilet paper, Kleenex is made from more durable and absorbent fibers that can clog pipes and. As mentioned earlier, tampons are made up of rayon, plastic, Bisphenol-A (BPA), Dioxin, and other chemicals. Singapore Statutes Online states “any person who has urinated or defecated in any sanitary convenience with a flushing system to which the public has access shall flush the sanitary convenience immediately after using it. There are some circumstances when you can take a risk. Advertisement. Tank lank 6. If your clothes come out with little bits of tissue stuck on them afterwards, re-wash and put the load through another dryer cycle. In conclusion, it is not safe to flush Kleenex and it is important to understand the potential consequences of doing so. However, a stubborn wad of toilet paper may resist breaking down. Okay r/NoStupidQuestions, hear me out -. On Thursday, when a maintenance crew was working on it, raw sewage came onto the carpet. Because these paper products aren’t designed to break up like toilet paper, they can clog pipes or the sewer system. 2. Flushing the toilet repeatedly can cause the item to move further down the pipes, making it more difficult to remove. If you do choose to flush baby wipes, it is important to make sure they are labeled as “flushable” and not just “biodegradable. They may break down slowly, causing clogs and backups in your plumbing system. Table of Contents. Often, dry toilet paper alone doesn't provide a good enough clean. Claim home. Next, place the plunger over the hole at the bottom of the toilet bowl and press down firmly. It’s also harmful to the environment, as plastic takes years to break down. Especially if you have a newer, low-flow (or low-flush) toilet, which consumes no more than 1. This seems to me to be speaking as to whether or not one should flush them down the toilet, not really about composting. "Kleenex, paper towels or tissue paper should not be flushed. According to Kleenex's FAQ section, "As our Kleenex® Brand tissues have not been designed or tested for flushability, please dispose of our products in the trash. Diapers. The unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) reports to theThe nurse has a patient who is on a 24-hour urinary c nurse that the final ollection. To do this quickly, all you are going to need is one Aspirin tablet. We had one site, Lake Oroville public pools. Disinfecting wipes and other items should be properly disposed of in the trash, not the toilet. Nice try, but no. Haven't had any problems tho it's been a over a year 🤷🏾♂️Even flushing tissues, like Kleenex and other tissue paper is a no-no. While you were cleaning the toilet, you might accidentally flush a rag. Any single wipe has the potential to cause a clog, since it's really about how the wipe folds as it moves through the pipes. If the pen has gone down the drainpipe, you can try using a plunger to dislodge it. These should never be poured down the drain. Instead, it should be disposed of in a trash can. Plumbers charge about $500 to unclog a drain around here and $100 to just come and see it. 2. Ok, we’ve talked about all sorts of eco-friendly home hacks, but let’s try the final frontier of reusable toiletries: FAMILY CLOTH. Ensure your plunger fully covers the drain. “If you define flushable as ‘Yes, it will go down the toilet,’ then everything here is flushable,” Tracy Stevens, a pretreatment technician, says in the. Called a plumber who in turned recommended a septic tank company. The usage of latex gloves should end after a particular number of uses. Be sure to check the setting to suck up water if it is a wet/dry vacuum. Reply. Extracting miscellaneous items from the plumbing can be an expensive proposition. With a clean, fresh towel every time, Kleenex ® Hand Towels are a cleaner way to dry hands than a cloth towel and they feature a cloth-like feel. I love the "flushable" wipes and such. If you must use something other than toilet paper, please be sure to discard it in the trash. Go to Home Depot and buy a new wax ring (about $3). Our cartons feature bright, colorful designs that are sure to pop in your bathroom, kitchen, or wherever you and your guests. I hope you find the toy. Step 2: Removing the Toilet Tank Lid: Lift the lid of the toilet tank using caution and set it aside in a safe place. You might be surprised to learn that flushing Q-tips down the toilet is actually a really bad idea! Q-tips are made of cotton, which means they can easily. It is distinctly possible that the person, especially a child, has. They may break down slowly, causing clogs and backups in your plumbing system. The toilet valve is usually located behind the toilet, or possibly located in the basement. Kleenex box on top of each tank lid. Or all the time. 8. Scrub the drop-in tablet with your toilet scrubber to break apart any remaining residue. Empty Toilet Bowl And Tank. In the best cases, a toilet paper clog will break down enough to allow for regular flushing in 20 minutes. Because the tissue is made with an additive to make it strong, it will not break down as rapidly as bathroom tissue. 5 to 7 gallons that older toilets use. My dentist observed that my teeth were strangely clean along the bottom. Flushing products that won’t quickly break down can be a costly mistake. Reach into the toilet trap to find the stuck Kleenex. Don't flush anything other than toilet paper down the toilet. 4. David. However, things like washcloths can get stuck in the pipes and cause a clog. In other words, do not flush tissues down the toilet. If the pen is not visible, it may have gone further down the drainpipe. Yes, it is OK to flush Kleenex tissues. Hold the nostril that isn’t blocked closed with your finger, and blow gently into your child’s mouth. Re: Top Of Toilet Tank. This might indicate that the plumber snake is in contact with the tampon. It can cause issues with the toilet, pipe. Additionally, consumers can access information on our brand sites at Cottonelle Flushable Wipes, Scott Flushable Wipes and Huggies® Baby Wipes. When this happens, it can burst your pipes and. Toilet paper and toilet paper holder; the paperboard center of a spent roll is visible on the holder. One aspect of paper towels that sets them apart and makes them a must-use sanitary item in the kitchen is how well they absorb liquid. This will prevent flooding and save you in the event you accidentally hit the toilet flush handle again. While it may seem convenient to flush Kleenex after blowing your nose, it can cause clogs and potentially damage your plumbing system over time. In the best cases, a toilet paper clog will break down enough to allow for regular flushing in 20 minutes. 4. Warm the washcloth again with water if you need to get the gunk off. Use a rubber-bulb syringe and warm water to wash the object out of the canal. vegsterman • 9 yr. Post# 332576 , Reply# 13 2/27. But unlike toilet paper, facial tissues have been treated with a chemical binder that takes time to release and. Or all the time. Step 3: Locating the Flushed Rod: Look inside the toilet bowl and try to locate the flushed toilet paper holder rod. What happens if you flush dry ice? Dry ice is solid Carbon (IV) Oxide. ITEM #7: Chemicals. 2967 reviews. You can do this by turning the toilet valve completely clockwise. 685K subscribers in the Tools community. 10-28-2023 01:25 PM. Intentionally not giving backstory so as to not skew responses, because I need unbiased opinions. What happens if you flushed a Lysol wip; Will a toilet eventually unclog itsel; What to do if you flushed a pa; Can Kleenex be flushed in toile; Does Clorox Toilet Wand contain bleac; What to do if you flushed a sock down the toile; Where can I find Clorox Toilet Wand refill; Is there a trap in the toile; Is it bad to flush a pad down the toileFlush the toilet a few times and see if it works properly. Tissue is not designed to break down when it’s wet and the absorbency level of tissue can cause wads of it to get stuck and. . Kleenex box on top of each tank lid. The sticky adhesive can also adhere to other items, resulting in a larger clog. So I accidentally dropped a 20 watt iPhone charger into my shit and flushed it. This has happened so many times at my house! Go ahead and put them in the dryer. The Amazing World of Gumball S4-E20 and 21 "The Origins". If you’ve accidentally flushed a washcloth down the toilet, the first thing to do is to stop flushing it right away. @Bri369 @gardenman Regarding the lease, I'm guessing the clause is there to help prevent things from falling into the toilet and clogging up the plumbing. It flushed. Just dispose of them in the garbage – don't flush them. Accidentally flushing a sanitary pad can be a distressing experience, but you must remember that it happens more often than you might think. Add Hot Water. Accidentally flushing wipes down the toilet can be a hassle and can cause clogs and blockages in your plumbing. Before you call a plumber go to a big box store and buy something called a toilet auger. Credit: Sarah Crowley/Apartment Therapy. . read moreYesterday, she literally used a tissue on his face and threw it in the toilet. She's flushed the toilet a couple times and it appears to be working fine. Sometimes, a larger object won’t make it all the way down the waste pipe; using a plunger may break it free and bring it to the surface. What do I do. . No, Kleenex should not clog a toilet. Let the vacuum suck up the water until you feel or hear the head passing through the vacuum hose. 3: It makes me thirsty, presumably due to the dryness of the Kleenex. Use the vacuum to remove the remaining water in the toilet. I accidentally flushed my kids underwear while working on cleaning them up after an accident (he was 2 I believe). ” Penalties for first time offenders can range up to $1,000 while third-time offenders face up to $5,000 penalties. So, they'll stick around for a very long time in your tank. In fact, there are immediate and major consequences to dumping baby wipes down the toilet and doing so can lead to catastrophic plumbing concerns. Put One Aspirin Tablet Into The Water. Extracting miscellaneous items from the plumbing can be an expensive proposition. Don't flush large clumps of hair down the toilet, and use drain covers to protect your shower and sink drains. quote. collection needs to be started. Push and pull it a few times to release trapped air and produce pressure to unclog your toilet. The exact consequences of flushing something down a toilet can vary depending on what you’re flushing. Unlike toilet paper, designed to disintegrate quickly in water, Kleenex tissues are often more durable and can lead to plumbing issues. Flushing is a big problem in itself. The only thing you can successfully flush is the grow medium. I’m starting to think it’s this pad I accidentally flushed that I wrapped in toilet paper a few months ago. Q-tips are not meant to be flushed down the toilet because they can clog the pipes. Originally marketed as a “sanitary” replacement for handkerchiefs, Kleenex quickly gained popularity as an everyday household item. The materials used to make tissues, paper towels and similar products do not dissolve easily and are far more likely to clog your toilet, as well as cause problems for your septic tank or at your water treatment facility. It is important to remember that improper flushing can result in clogs, and even overflows. Yes, it is generally safe to flush baby wipes if you are on a sewer system. Turn Off The Water Using Shutoff Valve. Then, disconnect the water supply line and unscrew the bolts securing the toilet to the floor. Aw, Crap. After trying a bunch of things to retrieve it to no avail, I ended up using an auger to push it all the way through, and now the toilet is flushing normally, maybe even better than before. Plumbers often have to come out and unclog a toilet. In 2017, the city of Perry, Iowa, dropped a class action suit against six leading wipes. The u/plumberdaves community on Reddit. Fortunately, most clogs are preventable. Pour a cup of Epsom salt into the toilet bowl. However, some studies have suggested that in some areas, Kleenex tissues may take several years. Yes. This can be especially true when cold and flu season rolls around. 4. •. Even biodegradable paper towels should not be flushed. How to get an accidentally flushed something down the toilet by using of a Flange Plunger. Boil another pot of water and pour into the toilet if necessary. If it takes 3 or 4 flushes and it doesn't back up its in the pipe and may take many flushes to make it flow into a 4" or bigger pipe where it will just go into the sewer or. However, because tissues are not designed to dissolve quickly, you may need to flush several times to ensure that the tissue is fully flushed down. One woman lost her anniversary ring in the toilet. A: If you accidentally flushed Kleenex down the toilet, act quickly. Flushing a Kleenex by mistake is not a catastrophe, but best is to retrieve it. Tissue is not designed to break down when it’s wet and the absorbency level of tissue can cause wads of it to get stuck and. Best Toilet Auger (EDITOR’S CHOICE) How To Remove Object Flushed Down The Toilet. Extracting miscellaneous items from the plumbing can be an expensive proposition. Although both are made of wood pulp, tissues are much thicker than toilet paper. Just dispose of them in the garbage – don't flush them. You don’t want to pour chemicals into your septic system or any sewer system as the chemicals could endanger the water supply. There are three overriding reasons to watch what we flush; preserving function, preserving bacteria, preserving nature. There is nothing worse than reaching for the flush handle only to find that there is no water coming out of the tank. Her husband snaked the drain and even asked municipal worker to check nearby pipes, t…What happens when you flush tissues? Water in your toilet does not cause facial tissue or paper towels to disintegrate right away when you flush them. If the pen has gone down the drainpipe, you can try using a plunger to dislodge it. WonkDoobius says: October 16, 2020 at 10:07 pm. You should then try to manually remove the object from the bowl. Toilet paper goes through extensive testing to ensure that it disintegrates as it is flushed, other products remain intact and obstruct pipes. Step 2: Put the clothes back into the wash with at least four aspirin tablets for a small load. Don’t take this as a good sign though. The lashes from your lower eyelid may be able to brush away any foreign object caught underneath your upper eyelid. It’s like toilet paper which takes five weeks to break down. Locate the water valve near the base of the toilet and turn. In addition, the bacteria that breaks down the toilet paper release carbon dioxide — a greenhouse gas — as their byproduct. Did you know we have the Boy Scouts to thank for barcodes? As a kid, N. Accidentally flushing a pad down the toilet can happen to anyone, but now you’re armed with the knowledge to handle it like a pro. The washcloth will expand after absorbing the water. . This can be especially true when cold and flu season rolls around. . From assessing the situation to retrieving the flushed item, we’ll arm […]Addressing slow drains: A weak or slow flush is a common sign that a clog is forming in your toilet drain. Generally, if the water gets shut off, the. It means that this plastic is either making its way to the ocean (if flushed) or is clogging up landfills for decades (if binned). Reddit gives you the best of the internet in one place. @Bri369 @gardenman Regarding the lease, I'm guessing the clause is there to help prevent things from falling into the toilet and clogging up the plumbing. The recommendations in this guide are based on thorough product and market research by our team of expert product reviewers. I accidentally flushed a paper towel and I’m so so afraid it’s going to mess up the plumbing and my dad will scream at me. If that is the case and you can actually see the clog, put on a pair of gloves and pull the clog out by hand. Whether it's a small item, hygiene product, or even a child's toy, the immediate instinct might be panic. Clothes dryer sheets used as fabric softener or to make your dry clothes "smell nicer" - the quantity of chemical in these. Flushing a vape can result in clogging and blockage within the plumbing system. Start by removing any excess water from the bowl to ensure a good seal with the plunger. Kleenex box on top of each tank lid. This should be the final step in releasing the clog. We stopped using wipes for the bathroom once they were each potty trained, so 2 and 2. Reddit gives you the best of the internet in one place. Kleenex box on top of each tank lid. A couple times in my life, I’ve flushed a condom. That’s not a box of tissues on the back of the toilet — that’s FAMILY CLOTH! Photo courtesy of Penniless Parenting. S. Not joking. Best Toilet Auger (EDITOR’S CHOICE) How To Remove Object Flushed Down The Toilet. This can be especially true when cold and flu season rolls around. To dissolve Kleenex with hot water, boil water in a kettle or on the stove. Toilet paper is made specifically to disintegrate in water, and kleenex are made to withstand a lot more mechanical abuse and to resist falling apart in your hand when you sneeze on them. So, in the end, If you flush plastic down the toilet, it can cause clogs in your plumbing and damage to your sewage system. Here’s what to do: First, try using a plunger to see if gentle pressure is enough to bring the object into view. As paper towels or kitchen paper does not fall apart fast, it can cause blockage. Central Time. Earlier today, after searching on Google, I found out that tissues do not breakdown the way toilet paper does. Prepare the area by laying down old towels or sheets to prevent any messy spills. Usually, it’s easier to retrieve your lost object than you may think. On Thursday, when a maintenance crew was working on it, raw sewage came onto the carpet. Some bandages are made of non-biodegradable plastic, which can pollute water systems when flushed down the toilet. The Real Housewives of Atlanta The Bachelor Sister Wives 90 Day Fiance Wife Swap The Amazing Race Australia Married at First Sight The Real Housewives of Dallas My 600-lb Life Last Week Tonight with John OliverWatch on. It is so extremely cold that it will end up freezing running water instead of it melting. Naturally, some pellets from the diaper explosion will remain but don’t worry ⏤ just focus on getting the big stuff. It was super easy to pull out my stashed pee and fill the cup, temperature was good so I pissed in the toilet, and out of habit, I flushed. It’s a fairly small bottle. If we assume that your septic tank is a minimum of 1000 gallons and that you need to reach 25% concentration of castor oil to have a noticeable odor effect therein, you'd need 250 gallons of castor oil. Final Words. 10-28-2023 01:25 PM. This means that the wipes have passed stringent tests and. You might think paper towels and tissues aren't all that different from toilet paper, but they're simply not designed to break down the way toilet paper does. This is because wadded toilet paper can begin to form a gluey mass. That said, it’s not recommended to flush a large amount of Kleenex down a toilet as too. You could have an allergic reaction. # 6. Top 10 unflushables;. Anon, about flushing coffed grounds down the drain, the typical volume of coffee grinds that might be put into a cesspit won. If all else fails, contact a professional plumber. Even if Kleenex is deemed safe to flush, it is still best to avoid flushing this product as much as possible since tissue paper contains fibers that can take a. Unlike toilet paper, designed to disintegrate quickly in water, Kleenex tissues are often more durable and can lead to plumbing issues. . Follow-up: After letting it fizz for 30-60 minutes, flush with hot water. She noticed just as it was too late. What happens if you accidentally flush a paper towel? When you flush facial tissue or paper towels, water in your toilet doesn’t cause them to disintegrate right away . Blockages in the sewer system can lead to. Facial tissues might seem safe to flush because they look so much like toilet paper. I'll never forget the day my older cousin accidentally flushed her wedding ring down the toilet. Turn Off the Water. Baby wipes. The soap should start unclogging the toilet drain by. 8. The humor comes from the. The ACCC alleged that by labelling these products as “flushable”, consumers would believe the Kleenex. How to fix clothes if there was a tissue in the wash. Kleenex ® Trusted Care ® Tissue is 2-ply for strength and absorbency. When you accidentally flush dry ice down the drain, do not panic; follow it up with hot water. Explore the risks of flushing wash rags in toilets, learn handy DIY remedies, and know when it's time to call a professional plumber. It’s a good idea to turn off your toilet’s water supply. 4: When I excrete, it usually floats but never requires any wiping. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. You see, when we use regular toilet paper, it breaks down within seconds and becomes nothing but tiny fibers before. Many personal hygiene wipes are marketed as flushable, with some even. Next, assess whether there are any signs of the cloth coming back up, either in. Facial tissue has a smoother surface than toilet paper, which makes it feel softer on the skin. Breathe in again through the nose. Paper towels or napkins. Haven't had any problems tho it's been a over a year 🤷🏾♂️ Even flushing tissues, like Kleenex and other tissue paper is a no-no. Therefore, when you flush it down the. Accidentally flushing something down the toilet. Eventually, you'll run into a clogging problem with this strategy. 2. In some cases, it may take 1–2 hours for a clog to dissolve on its own. I flushed the toilet 2-3 more times and it seems to be working just fine. She noticed just as it was too late. After a while, other things that should or should not be flushed down the toilet can begin to stick to the Kleenex. Have you ever experienced the panic of accidentally flushing a tissue down the toilet? We’ve all been there. Method 3: Add Epsom Salt. The humor comes from the. And for all my non-American readers, a gallon is equivalent to 3. Wife accidentally flushed a washcloth down the toilet. After trying a bunch of things to retrieve it to no avail, I ended up using an auger to push it all the way through, and now the toilet is flushing normally, maybe even better than before. Use a designated trash can for Kleenex and other sanitary products. It took a plumber a long time to get it out because it kept moving a bit and sticking. Tissues and paper towels can wreak absolute havoc on your plumbing if your home relies on a septic tank. "Even the producer advises discarding Kleenex in the trash. Topics. Feed the auger’s wire coil into the bottom of the toilet bowl outflow hole. In order to pass through toilet drain pipes smoothly, it requires a very slow breakdown process. Wiping Your Hands. It’s not unusual for tougher tissues to get tangled up in sewage pumps meant. Toilet paper is specifically made to break down in toilets, so that it will not clog your home's plumbing. Some bandages are made of non-biodegradable plastic, which can pollute water systems when flushed down the toilet. Ours are made from some kind of plastic that doesn't dissolve when it gets accidentally washed. They can impact entire communities and cause large-scale sewer damage, or create major problems in your septic tank system. The steps to follow include: Estimate how much your dog ate. 3. Plug in the vacuum cord and turn on the vacuum. If your toilet stops flushing properly, you might have a clog from paper towels or facial tissue. Tissue isn’t always designed to interrupt down when it's wet and the absorbency level of tissue can cause wads of it to get stuck and clog pipes developing blockages. " Posted 29 Jul 2019 29 Jul 2019 Mon 29 Jul 2019 at 4:26am , updated 29 Jul 2019 29 Jul. Afterward, try flushing the toilet to see if the clog has cleared. cup and to NOT flush the toilet when I. If it worked,. Don’t flush it down the toilet. 6055 out of 5 stars. Paper towels and most baby wipes are worse to flush than Kleenex. They may seem like they’re in the same family as toilet paper, but they take a lot longer to break down in the sewer system and cause sewage blockages. Don't flush anything other than toilet paper down the toilet. Use A Plunger. — J.